particle exchange meaning in Hindi

Examples

1. Quantum tunnelling may be considered a manifestation of virtual particle exchanges.
2. Consider two repeated operations of such a particle exchange:
3. How does the virtual particle exchange work for attraction?
4. In the t-channel, the particles exchange intermediate states by emission and absorption.
5. See Path-integral formulation of virtual-particle exchange for an application of this integral.
6. The mechanics of virtual-particle exchange is best described with the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics.
7. The Feynman rule for a particle exchange is to use the propagator; the propagator for a massive meson is-4 \ pi / ( k ^ 2 + m ^ 2 ).
8. :With regard to the electromagnetic force question, the photon is the force carrier, a virtual particle exchanged in an exceedingly short period of time, which causes repulsion between like charges.
9. For non-interacting identical particles, the potential is still a sum, but wavefunction is a bit more complicated  it is a sum over the permutations of products of the separate wavefunctions to account for particle exchange.
10. The similar term chemical potential is used to indicate the potential of a substance to undergo a change of configuration, be it in the form of a chemical reaction, spatial transport, particle exchange with a reservoir, etc.